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Toll-like receptor 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''TLR4'' gene. TLR 4 is a toll-like receptor which is responsible for activating the innate immune system. It is most well-known for recognizing lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a component of Gram-negative bacteria, but its ligands also include several viral proteins, polysaccharide, and a variety of endogenous proteins such as low-density lipoprotein, beta-defensins, and heat shock protein. TLR 4 has also been designated as CD284 (cluster of differentiation 284). The molecular weight of TLR 4 is approximately 95 kDa. == Function == The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) family, which plays a fundamental role in pathogen recognition and activation of innate immunity. TLRs are highly conserved from Drosophila to humans and share structural and functional similarities. They recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) that are expressed on infectious agents, and mediate the production of cytokines necessary for the development of effective immunity. The various TLRs exhibit different patterns of expression. This receptor is most abundantly expressed in placenta, and in myelomonocytic subpopulation of the leukocytes. It cooperates with LY96 (also referred as MD-2) and CD14 to mediate in signal transduction events induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/O00206 )〕 found in most gram-negative bacteria. Mutations in this gene have been associated with differences in LPS responsiveness. Several transcript variants of this gene have been found, but the protein-coding potential of most of them is uncertain.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=7099 )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「TLR4」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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